What is work?
Pahl (1984) and Pahl & Gershuny (1980) identified four distinct forms of work:
- paid employment in the formal or approved economy. This is work where an individual’s earning are subject to income tax and National Insurance
- the black economy is where people get paid cash in-hand and therefore don’t pay income tax or National Insurance. This is known as the informal or unofficial economy
- unpaid work within the home – unpaid labour in the home such as cooking, cleaning, childcare etc
- unpaid work outside the home – such as voluntary work, charity work, helping friends and neighbours
sociologytwynham.com 
Leave a Reply