Cultural factors in relation to achievement-revision notes
Linguistic deprivation:
- Bernstein argues educational success is heavily dependent on language
- Bernstein (1971) distinguished between restricted speech codes (can be used by both social classes but mainly lower working classes)
- and elaborated speech codes (used by middle-classes)
- Bernstein argues schools thrive and encourage the use of elaborated speech codes – the language of the middle-classes
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