Principles of positivist methodology

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  Categories Select Category 1% ruling-class 1970s 1988 Education Act A2 sociology Abercrombie and Warde (2000) identified four types of ways in which the workforce is controlled: 1. direct control – where owners or managers have direct control of their works. An example is in sma absolute poverty achieved status Adam Smith Adler advergames African-Caribbean female subcultures African-Caribbean male subcultures Age and crime – revision notes with evaluation agenda setting Albert Cohen alienation American dream anomie anti-capitalists anti-collectivism anti-rape knickers Anti-school subculture anti-school subcultures ascribed status aspects of secularisation Assets and Capital Bandura’s ‘Bobo Doll’ Basket of goods Baudrillard Becker Beliefs in society Benston Bernstein biological explanations of crime Blair blended families Blumer body hair Bott Bourdieu bourgeoisie boxing Braverman’ Breadline Britain Brexit Broken Windows Thesis BUPA business wealth Butler and Stokes cafe culture Calvinism canteen culture carceral archipelago celebrity cook books cereal packet family changing function of the family Charles Murray child poverty child-centredness Childhood childlessness chivalry factor chivalry thesis. choosing a research method Church Church of England churnalism civil partnerships classic extended family closed questionnaires Cloward and Ohlin cohabitation collective intelligence collectivism commercialisation of childhood comparative method compensatory education comprehensive school comprehensive schools Comte confluent love conjugal roles Consensual definition of poverty content analysis corporate spin correspondence principle counter ideologies covert observations Crime and devaince crime and deviance Crime and punishment – revision notes with evaluative points Crime as a political act – revision notes with evaluation Crime as a violation of human rights crime statistics crimes of air pollution crimes of deforestation crimes of species decline crimes of water pollution Criminal Justice System and Discrimination Criminogenic capitalism criticisms of cultural factors Criticisms of market theory criticisms of marketisation critics of Braverman’s deskilling thesis and Foucault’s carceral archipelago point out: How do you define what is or isn’t a ‘skill’. For example is cleaning a skill? Many preindustrial jobs Cult Cults cultural amnesia cultural effects media model cultural effects model Cultural explanations – cultural deprivation Cultural factors and achievement in school Culture & identity culture of resistance cycle of religious decline dark-side of the family de-skilling defensible space Defining green crime defining the state delayed childbearing delinquency and drift democracy demographic changes denominations dependency culture Deprivation Index deserving and undeserving poor deskilling Detraditionalisation deviancy amplification spiral Differences between perspectives digital activism disciplinary power discourse divorce divorce infographic Domestic abuse double deviance theory Douglas and suicide: interpretivist methods revision notes and evaluation dual burden Duncombe & Marsden Durkheim Durkheim’s study of suicide: revision notes with evaluative points e-petitions Earnings earnings gap economic base edgework Education education overview effects of divorce on children elder abuse election results elite theory emotional work enemy within Enlightenment entertainment wealth ethics ethics in social research Ethnic minority school subcultures Ethnic minority subcultures in schools – revision notes ETHNICITY AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SCHOOL ETHNICITY AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SCHOOL – outside school factors ETHNICITY AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SCHOOL – inside school factors ethnicity and attainment Ethnicity and crime revision notes – with evaluation ethnicity and power Evaluation of green crimes Evaluation of Shaw and McKay Examination system and gender differences existential security Existential security theory experimental method experimental method (problems for sociologists) expressive role extrinsic satisfaction factors outside school Fake-news Families and Households Exam Questions and Answers family and social structure family and the railyway industry family diversity family documentary Family overview family revision family revision images family size Farage female inmate Female school subcultures Feminisation of academic success feminism Feminism and religion Feminist perspective of crime – revision notes with evaluative points fertility rates field experiments Fordism Foucault free market full social theory of deviance function of family Functional definitions functional prerequisites Functional subcultures functionalism Functionalism and religion functionalist perspective of crime and devaince Functionalist view of family Functions of education revision notes functions of the family Fundamentalism and religion gate-keeping gender Gender and attainment general elections ghosts Giddens glass-ceiling global infotainment globalisation Globalisation and crime Globalisation and crime – with evaluative points globalisation and culture globalisation and education globalisation and the state Globalisation and work glocal crime glossary Gordon’s (2000) Poverty and Social Exclusion Great Moving Right Show Green Crime Green crime – revision notes with evaluative points Hargreaves Hartmann hawthorne effect hegemonic identity hegemonic masculinity Hegemony Heidi Hartmann’s (1981) research Hidden crimes hidden curriculum Hiedensohn hitmen HMP Holloway House of Commons House of Lords househusband housework Human rights and state crime hyperreality hypodermic syringe model hypothesis ideological movement of politcal parties Ideology imagination and the city Income and Wealth income inequality Independent schools industrial revolution Informal welfare provision Insider and outsider pressure groups instrumental role integrated conjugal roles interactionism and labelling interactionist interactionist perspective of crime Interactionist perspective of crime – revision notes with evaluative points interactionist perspective of education interactive map interpretivism intrinsic satisfaction isolated nuclear family Jeremy Kyle joint conjugal roles juvenile delinquency Key concepts (introducing sociology) key features of globalisation key issues in social research key studies of the family labelling Laboratory Experiements ladette latch-key children Laurie Taylor Lea and Young left realism left-realism Left-realism and ethnic minority crime – revision notes with evaluative points living alone locality and crime Locality and crime revision notes – with evaluative points Lombroso lone parent families lone-parent families Mack and Lansley male gaze Male subcultures in schools marginalisation market situation marketisation of education marketisation of religion Marriage marriage timeline Marxism Marxism – an introduction Marxism and crime Marxism and media owners Marxism and relgion Marxism and the family Marxism today Marxist approach to welfare Marxist feminism Marxist feminists Marxist functions of family Marxist perspective of crime – revision notes with evaluative points Marxist perspective of education revision notes Mary Shelly material & cultural factors Matza Mc Kee & Bell McDonaldisation Means tested benefits mechanical solidarity media media and crime media baron media bias media effects media effects; effects of the media Media Gaze media influences media norm setting Media organisational constraints media owners media ownership media pluralism Media representations of age Media Representations of Disability Media Representations of Ethnicity Media representations of gender Media representations of middle-classes Media representations of sexuality Media representations of upper-classes Media representations of working-class media stereotyping Merton Merton’s strain theory Messerschmidt methodological pluralism methodology Methods in context – answer metrosexual Miller Milton Friedman miner strike 1985 mise en scene misogyny mixed ability classes modernity moral panics Mrs Thatcher’s legacy multiple identity transition Murdoch myth of parentocracy nanny state nationalised industries neglect abuse Neo- Marxism neo-Marxism and crime Neo-Marxist perspective of crime – revision notes with evaluative points New age movements New Media New Media and Age New Media and Social Class New religious movements New Right New Right & Education New Right and the family New Right Views of the Family – revision notes new social movements News Corporation newspaper circulation NHS Nietzsche Noam Chomsky Non-participant observation non-standard jobs norm-setting NSMs Oakely objectivity in the news offical statistics online activism open questionnaires operationalisation overt observations Owen Jones parentocracy parliament Parsons and religion participant observation partisan dealignment party image Party Political Broadcasts patriarchy patriarchy and religion Paul Gilroy Paul Willis personal documents Perspectives on globalisation and crime Peter Bauer petitions pluralism pluralist theories of the state podcasts Polices helping to raise ethnic minority achievement policing green crimes Policing styles: Policing the Crisis political activism political image political participation political party image political socialisation politicians and media image polysemic positivism positivism verses interpretivism positivist methods positvism Post modernity: spiritual shopping postal questionnaires postcode lottery Postmodern perspective of crime – revision notes with evaluative points postmodernism postmodernism and education Postmodernism and religion Postmodernism and the Media Postmodernism and work Poverty Poverty line Power Power and politics power elite power in the family pre-industrial family Predestination pressure group pressure group methods Prevention and control of crime – revision notes with evaluative points primary and secondary sources primary carer Primary green crime prison Private schools Private welfare provision privatisation privatised nuclear family proletariat psychological functions of religion public and historical documents public hygiene punishment Punishment and crime – revision notes with evaluative points Qualitative secondary sources qualitiative secondary sources qualitiative sources Quantitative secondary sources quantitative sources quasi-religious movements racism radical feminists rational choice theory reconsituted families Redistribution of wealth relative deprivation relative poverty reliability religiosity Religious market theory religious pluralism representative sample research methods research methods example researching hitmen Researching Media Violence revise sociology; revise; sociology revision; revision notes revision revision images right realism Right realism and crime – revision notes with evaluative points Right to Buy Scheme Risk and uncertainty Ritzer roll-back-the-state Roman Catholic Church Romantic poets Rosenthal and Jacobson Routine activity theory ruling-class rural crime Rutter S. Lukes same sex marriage sample emthods sample methods sampling frame sampling method Sarlvik and Crewe Scandinavia scientific management Scooby Doo Advert Secondary green crime secondary research methods Sects secularisation Secularisation theory securalisation Seebohn Rowntree segregated conjugal roles self-fulfilling prophecy Self-help Self-Report Studies Self-spirituality semiotics Setting setting & streaming Setting, streaming and mixed ability classes – revision notes sex role theory sex workers sexual abuse sexual division of labour sexualisation of childhood She Sharp Just like a girl simulacra single-parent families singlehood Situational crime prevention Smart Social action social conditions of state crime Social construct definitions Social construction social construction of the news social control Social control in the workplace social democratic approach to welfare Social exclusion social facts Social Marginality Social policy social policy and the family social security social survey social theory social trends social-class and crime Social-class and crime – revision notes with evaluation Socialisation, gender and achievement society centred theories Sociology 10 mark questions sociology 33 mark question Sociology 4 mark answers Sociology 4 mark questions sociology of media sociology of science sociology podcasts sociology revision sociology TV sociology university courses spiritual shoppers Stan Cohen starter marriages state centred theories state crimes State crimes – revision notes with evaluative points State Welfare Provision Status frustration STEM subjects step-families Stephen Lukes Steven Lukes strain to anomie streaming structural differentiation structured interviews Stuart Hall subcultural perspectives of crime and deviance Subcultural theories of crime – revision notes with evaluative points subcultural theory subcultures Substantive definitions Sue Sharpe suicide Sun Wot Won It superstructure Surveillance Swann Report of 1985 symbolic annihilation symbolic interactionism symbolically annihilation symmetrical family synoptic link Talcott Parsons Target hardening Task 1 crime & deviance Task 2 crime & deviance Task 2 Education Task 3 Education Tasks tax avoidence tax cuts tax evasion tax relief Taylorism Teacher-pupil interaction affecting the gender gap? techniques of neutralisation Test myself Thatcher The family The family & feminism The scale of state crime The State The state and law making The state is the source of law Theories of the State Third face of power Thomas Piketty Tong totemism Townsend Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research traditional wealth triangulation Tripartite System triple shift tutoring types of schools Types of welfare Ukip Uncategorized underclass Understanding analysis understanding postmodernism Universal benefits universalism unstructured interviews up-skilling uses and gratifications validity verstehen vicarious religion Vicky Pryce Violence and the Media voter apathy Voting behaviour voting patterns warm bath theory Wealth Wealth, Poverty and Welfare Weber weber and power Welfare welfare dependence Welfare pluralism Welfare policies welfare state What chance does a young girl have? what is feminism white collar crime why do boys underachieve Why girls are doing better than boys? Why turn to New Age, Sects, Cults and New Religious Movements? Willmott and Young women and politics women in politics Work Work in an industrial society working-class Worklessness World-accommodating NRMs World-affirming NRMs World-rejecting NRMs Zero tolerance policing zone of transition

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